“I want everybody to stop dying,” he added. I think in terms of getting it settled so we stop killing all these people,” Trump replied. “I don’t think in terms of winning and losing. “Do you want Ukraine to win this war?” Collins asked. Trump declined to answer repeated questions from Collins about who he believes should win the war in Ukraine. The group discussed federal abortion legislation at the meeting, and according to Dannenfelser, Trump reiterated that any federal abortion legislation must require exceptions. Anthony Pro-Life America, at Mar-a-Lago along with Graham and Tony Perkins, a Trump ally and the head of Family Research Council. As Collins introduced the first commercial break, Trump could be heard saying over the microphone, “I’ll make the right decision.”Īhead of the town hall, Trump met with a top anti-abortion activist Marjorie Dannenfelser, the president of Susan B. Trump would not say if he would sign a federal abortion ban, like the 15-week bill that has been proposed by his ally in Congress, Sen. “I happen to believe in the exceptions, the life of the mother, rape, incest like Ronald Reagan believed in the exceptions.” Wade was an incredible thing for pro-life because it gave pro-life something to negotiate with,” Trump said. Trump, who has not been entirely clear on his abortion position beyond saying that he is a pro-life champion and would only support laws that allow for exceptions, called the Dobbs decision “a great victory.” Wade and gave states the power to regulate abortion. Dobbs Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Trump was asked by a female audience member how he plans to appeal to women who are concerned about abortion in the aftermath of the 2022 Jackson v. “Because I’m not president,” Trump shot back. “So why is it different now?” Collins asked. When Collins noted that Trump had said that as president it was wrong for Democrats to use the prospect of default as a negotiating tactic, he responded that he had said that “when I was president.” “We might as well do it now because you’ll do it later because we have to save this country. Trump said congressional Republicans should be open to the idea of the government defaulting as an outcome of the current debt ceiling fight. I’ve said it’s been true for 1 million years, approximately 1 million years, maybe a little longer than that.” A debt ceiling reversal “I can’t take it back because it happens to be true. “I can take it back if you’d like to, but if you’re a famous person, if you’re a star - and I’m not referring to myself, I’m saying people that are famous, people that are stars, people that are rich, people that are powerful, they tend to do pretty well in a lot of different ways, okay?” Trump said. Trump also defended his most infamous comments, made in an Access Hollywood videotape uncovered just before the 2016 election, that when you’re a star women “let you do” anything, including “grab ‘em by the p-.” Trump went on to joke about Carroll’s claims and called it a “fake story.” And while he was at it Trump’s attorney said they planned to appeal. The CNN town hall comes just one day after a federal jury in Manhattan found Trump liable for sexual battery and defamation and awarded Carroll $5 million in damages. And when asked if the case disqualified him from being president, he responded that his polling numbers “went up.” Jean Carroll that she was sexually assaulted by him in the dressing room of the luxury Manhattan department store Bergdorf Goodman years ago. This game includes the following packages that had to be bought separately.Trump dismissed claims made by former advice columnist E. Ally with teammates to complete strategic missions. Engage in an incredibly realistic brand of terrorist warfare in this wildly popular team-based game. Play the world's number 1 online action game.
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During the journey, Cloud builds close friendships with his party members, including Aerith Gainsborough, who holds the secret to saving their world.ĭevelopment began in 1994, originally for the Super Famicom. Events send Cloud and his allies in pursuit of Sephiroth, a former member of the corporation who seeks to destroy the planet. The game's story follows Cloud Strife, a mercenary who joins an eco-terrorist organization to stop a world-controlling megacorporation from using the planet's life essence as an energy source. Published in Japan by Square, it was released in other regions by Sony Computer Entertainment and is the first in the main series with a PAL release. It is the seventh main installment in the Final Fantasy series. The game was followed by Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel in October 2014, and Borderlands 3 in September 2019.įinal Fantasy VII is a 1997 role-playing video game developed by Square for the PlayStation console. Gearbox supported the game with four add-on campaigns, new characters and five content packs. It was nominated for multiple year-end accolades by several gaming publications. More than 20 million units were shipped upon release and the game became 2K's most successful release. The handheld and the virtual reality versions of the game were regarded to be inferior to the console and PC versions. Critics generally praised the game's visuals, story, writing, gameplay, and online multiplayer, as well as its variety of guns, while criticising its mission design and content fillers. The game received universal acclaim upon release. Borderlands 2 was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in September 2012, and it was ported to PlayStation 4 and Xbox One as part of The Handsome Collection in March 2015. Among the game's diverse cast of characters, Handsome Jack, the central antagonist, was created to be a charismatic "douche" that mirrors Burch's own personality. The team attempted to address players' feedback from the first game, and recruited Anthony Burch who wrote the game's script which is seven times longer than that of the original game. Like its predecessor, the game adopted the "concept art style", which features graphics inspired by both photorealistic imagery and comic-book-inspired visuals. With the unexpected success of the first game, Gearbox was able to secure a budget of $30–35 million to develop the sequel. Like its predecessor, the game features a procedurally generated loot system which is capable of generating numerous combinations of weapons and other gear. The game features the ability to explore the in-game world and complete both main missions and optional side quests, either in offline splitscreen, single-player or online cooperative gameplay. The story follows a new group of Vault Hunters who must ally with the Crimson Raiders, a resistance group made up of civilian survivors and guerrilla fighters, to defeat the tyrannical Handsome Jack before he can unlock the power of a new Vault. Taking place five years following the events of Borderlands (2009), the game is once again set on the planet of Pandora. Borderlands 2 is a 2012 first-person shooter video game developed by Gearbox Software and published by 2K Games. RoboPacers rotate through this set of routes, changing to a new route each week on Monday at 7am UTC: Not only do the RoboPacers hand out Rides Ons regularly, but riders in the groups do it as well! Many Zwifters have received their “Bigger Than Jensie” badge (100 Ride Ons) simply by hanging with Coco long enough… Route Rotation Schedule If you’re looking to get a lot of Ride Ons, there’s no better place in Zwift than a big RoboPacer group. Starting out: Drops Multiplier at 1.0 Next step: Drops Multiplier at 1.2 Chance of Thumbderstorms It will stay at x2.5 as long as you stay close enough to your RoboPacer. It takes 5 minutes to fill each stage, so after 5 minutes of riding close enough to a RoboPacer your multiplier will go from x1.0 to x1.2 (this means you’re earning Drops 20% faster than before.) 5 more minutes and it will go to x1.4, then x1.6, then x1.8, then x2.0, then x2.5. The big idea here is: stay close enough to the RoboPacer and your Drops Multiplier will increase, which means you’ll be earning Drops faster. And of course, we all like more Drops, so we can fill our virtual garages with more bikes and wheels! It provides a bit of a challenge to help us engage and learn how to manage our position in the virtual peloton – a useful skill for races and group rides. The Drops Multiplier game was created to encourage riders to stay close to the RoboPacers. This provides for a more natural overall pace, as riders on smart trainers instinctively boost their power on climbs and decrease it on descents. Old Homescreen UI Riding RoboPacers Running RoboPacers A Note About Dynamic PacingĬycling RoboPacers use dynamic pacing, increasing power by up to 10% uphill and decreasing up to 20% when descending. It can be a little hard to see, but it’s the grey circle with a RoboPacer symbol inside. Here’s a little tip many Zwifters don’t know: when you click on a RoboPacer’s card from your home screen, a route map will pop up which includes the RoboPacer’s current location. The game will give you a little burst of speed to make sure you don’t get dropped right away, but it’s best to be pedaling/running before you’re dropped in the world so you’re already up to speed! Where Is the RoboPacer? Select the RoboPacer you want and click to start riding/running with them. Each Pacer’s card has details about what that particular Pacer is doing:
This creates a graph that guarantees all rooms are connected (and therefore reachable in the game).Ĩ. Because we don't want every single room to be linked to every other with a corridor (that would make for a very confusing layout), we then construct a () using the previous graph. So now all rooms are connected to each other without intersecting lines.ħ. To begin we construct a graph of all of the rooms' center points using (). For the next stage we want to link each room together. The remaining cells are still useful however. Because of the Park-Miller Normal Distribution described earlier, there will only be a small amount of rooms in comparison to the number of cells, with lots of space between. We determine which of the cells in the grid are rooms - any cell with a width and height above a certain threshold is made into a room. The result is that we end up with a square grid of differently sized cells, all perfectly packed together.ĥ. We fill in any gaps with 1x1 sized cells. This technique ensures that the cells are not overlapping, yet in general remain as tightly packed together as possible.Ĥ. Next we use simple separation steering behaviour to separate out all of the rectangles so that none are overlapping. At this point we have 150 random cells in a small area, most are overlapping. *In addition to this I ensure that the ratio between the width and length of each cell is not too large, we don't want perfectly square rooms but neither do we want really skinny ones, but somewhere in between.ģ. The reason for this will be explained later! This skews the size of the cells so that they are more likely to be of a small size (more smaller cells, less larger cells). *Instead of using uniformly distributed random numbers (the default Math.random generator in most languages), I'm using (). Again the radius doesn't matter too much, but it should probably be proportionate to the number of cells. For each "cell" I spawn a Rectangle of random width and length within some radius. This is an arbitrary amount really, but the higher the number the larger the dungeon and in general more complexity.Ģ. First I set the number of cells I want to generate, say 150. #The interactive demo can be found here: ()ġ. It's pretty over-engineered, but hopefully will give anyone interested some ideas on generating dungeon layouts for their own games. So today I'm going to be a little different and talk about one technical aspect of my game (), that is random procedural dungeon generation. "Congo Bongo", much like "Donkey Kong", is a timer-based game, where you have a limited amount of time to complete each stage. Succeed, and your explorer gets the satisfaction of paying back the "favour" by giving a hot-foot to your ape-adversary, and better yet, getting the opportunity to do it again.providing you clear all four stages again, that is. As in "Frogger", you must jump your explorer across several moving objects such as hippos, lilly-pads and fish, and then brave the gauntlet of two charging rhinos. Your adversary is now across a mighty river and is sleeping nearby a wam campfire, perhaps confident that you will not reach him. If you manage to survive and reach the rocky cliff, you are lead to stage 4 which is very reminiscent of "Frogger" in some respects. Further complicating your quest is what appears to be a bull, or possibly another minion of your adversary, which randomly occupies these pits, eliminating what little protection you have against the charging rhinos. Indiana Jones would have packed it in at this point due to the snakes, but gamers like Jason press onward and reach stage 3.a rocky plateau filled with pits to hide in, and several charging rhinos to contend with, as your adversary continues to taunt you from a rocky cliff across the screen. Stage 2 features your adversary taunting you from the other side of the screen, and all that's stopping you from reaching him are quite a few snakes and scorpions, and extremely tight pathways. Stage 1 has the only multi-layer aspect to it as your adversary, the ape, is high on top of the screen, and you must climb up some rocks, cross a bridge, and jump over a waterfall to reach him, all the while confounded by coconuts he throws downward, some deadly snakes guarding the bridge, and if that wasn't enough, several troublesome monkey-minions who attempt to overpower you, and if three of them catch you, your character is unceremoniously thrown off the ledge. The resulting outcome is inevitable.your goal must be to teach that ape a lesson and return the "favour". The storyline is simple.a mischevious ape, possibly named "Bongo" but I'm not sure, armed with an impish smile and a tree branch set on fire, sneaks up on a jungle explorer sleeping in his tent, and gives him a hot-foot. "Congo Bongo" was released in 1983 by Sega, and was reminiscent of "Donkey Kong" in spirit, but had a rare, for that time, 3/4 overhead perspective, very much like many role playing games of today such as "Diablo II". On July 10th of 2003, Jason Cram, who hails from Maine in the USA, playing at Twin Galaxies Tournament settings for this title ("TGTS") of difficulty "Medium", three (3) lives to start and one (1) extra life awarded, has achieved a new world record, and personal best, of 1,506,300 points, reaching level (37-1) after more than two hours of gameplay, in an unprecedented display of mastery on this most difficult title from the golden era of arcade gaming. Twin Galaxies is proud to report that yet another long-standing arcade world record has been shredded, and in the process, the title has been taken pass the one million point barrier for the first time in Twin Galaxies history !! BREAKING NEWS - NEW WORLD RECORD ON CONGO BONGO (ARCADE) Similarly, Apple’s systems can also sometimes fail. The best antivirus programs can find several viruses that already exist, but newer threats might go undetected. If they haven’t verified the source, they could leave themselves open to several dangers-including malware.ĭoes Safari protect against viruses? Yes, but it’s also important to remember that malware is becoming more and more advanced. Users download a lot of third-party apps without doing prior due diligence, especially on Macs. Safari viruses are becoming more prevalent for several reasons. Why are Safari viruses increasingly common? Your iPhone or iPad is overheating when you use Safari.
The appliances along with a rat named Ratso seek to help Rob by finding and reversing the effects of his computer virus, hence recovering the master's thesis. One night, while finishing on a thesis, his computer accidentally crashes due to a terrible computer virus. Rob McGoarty, the owner of the appliances and whom they refer to as "The Master", is in his last days of college and is working at a veterinary clinic.This was the first movie to feature Roger Kabler as Radio, Eric Lloyd as Blanky, Chris Young as Rob, and Jessica Tuck as Chris. Also, Kirby is depicted on the cart rather than pulling it. In the actual film, he is not with them during that scene. Radio is shown with the other appliances during the chase scene at the end on the box art.The film got mixed reviews, but most fans say it's more enjoyable than The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars. This is because both films were in production at the same time, and Goes to Mars was the first to be released. And of course, Ratso is living with them. This is mentioned in The Brave Little Toaster Goes to Mars by the fact that the group already knows Wittgenstein, and by the fact that he is referred to as "our old college buddy." Also, Rob proposes to Chris in this film, while in the second one, they are married with a baby. Jim Cummings provides the singing voice of Sebastianĭespite being the third and final film released, it appears to be the second in plot sequence.By the end of the film, the appliances restore Rob's thesis and prevent Mack from selling the injured animals, Radio's tube is replaced with a new one (hence his revival), and all is well. Apparently, the appliances replaced the tube in the nick of time with the boosted power of the new tube, Wittgenstein wakes up, miraculously regenerates the other smashed tubes connected to himself, and is completely revived as good as new. He then sacrifices his own tube, which actually turns out to be the very rare tube they had been looking for, thus leaving himself as a lifeless appliance. The appliances are then very grumpy at Radio, and he feels terrible. Wittgenstein does his best with all his might, but he blows his tube with a big explosion and apparently dies, powering down. When they come back with the last apparent tube for miles, Radio accidentally breaks the tube, and it seems that all hope is lost. In an attempt to revive Wittgenstein to his superior state, Radio and Ratso go to the college's storage building to find the difficult-to-find WFC 11-12-55 tube. The appliances learn that Wittgenstein's tube will blow and lead to his apparent death unless they find a replacement quickly. Radio has that kind of tube, which possibly means he is a computer, too. The miserable supercomputer reveals that he lives on one rare tube, named the "WFC 11-12-55". When the appliances find Wittgenstein, they discover him abandoned, all alone and run-down and broken in the basement. Meanwhile, in a dual plot of the film, Mack, Rob's lab assistant, plots to sell the injured animals Rob had been tending to a place called "Tartaras Laboratories", the same place that old-skinned Sebastian (-an old monkey, that Rob's tending for-) with his hand when he was just a baby. The appliances, along with the rat Ratso who found Wittgenstein, then seek to help Rob by finding Wittgenstein to reverse the effects of his virus, hence recovering the master's thesis. While working on a thesis, the computer crashes, thanks to many terrible computer viruses infecting Wittgenstein, an old TLW-728 supercomputer. Rob McGroarty, the owner of the appliances and whom they refer to as "the Master", is working in a laboratory where he tends to injured animals. Numerically select fragments, find restriction sites, ORF or any motif, calculate Tm of selected fragments, %GC or dynamically determine the translation your selection into peptide and calculate the MW using a compact interface. Powerful graphical display tools and simple interfaces help the analysis and construction steps in a very intuitive way.Īll the tools you need to analyze and manipulate your sequences are available in an all-in-one-window concept. Serial Cloner can read and write DNA Strider-compatible files and also import or export files in FASTA format (or in pDRAW32 format). If you are an open source purist, you are out of luck: there are several free solutions, but none of them is open source.Serial Cloner is a Molecular Biology software that provides tools with an intuitive interface to assists you in DNA cloning, sequence analysis and visualisation. What would be the next best thing if you can't pay for it? Probably SerialCloner. We also know that many other labs use and like this software, including Addgene (if anyone is in need of a good plasmid mapping software, it would be them).įor me, SnapGene is the way to go if you need a cloning software. We immediately bought additional licenses and have been installing the software on our Ubuntu machines (one 14.04 and three 15.10 machines). To top it all, with Version 3.0, SnapGene has recently released a native Linux port of SnapGene. When we organized a cloning course for the graduate school last year, the SnapGene guys arranged free licenses for all of the students for the duration of the course. We had some issues with opening files on remote samba shares, but it appeared that this was a problem of the gnome virtual file system when we mounted the shares via the Nautilus GUI (the bug still exists in Ubuntu 15.10 when you mount a samba share via the GUI, its mountpoint doesn't show up under /run/user/XXXX/gvfs and you need to force-unmount and manually start the gnome virtual file system again, after which the mountpoints magically appear: First, mount the samba share via GUI, then (via the command line): sudo umount -f /run/user/1000/gvfsz, then (as regular user) /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-fuse /run/user/1000/gvfs, then mount the samba share again via GUI.Įven though they did not officially support SnapGene under WINE, the developers have helped us a lot with our WINE-related problems. When we bought our first licenses, it was not yet natively available for Linux and hence we did run it under WINE, where it performed very well. We have also put in one feature request: Virtual agarose gel images for partial restriction enzyme digests. It is under active development: new features are added constantly.It has a free version, the SnapGene Viewer, that everybody can download and use to view and print plasmid maps.It is not as expensive as the GeneConstructionKit or Clone Manager.SnapGene reads among others: ApE, Clone Manager, DNASTAR Lasergene®, DNA Strider, EMBL (ENA), EnzymeX, GenBank/DDBJ, Gene Construction Kit®, MacVector, pDRAW32, Serial Cloner and Vector NTI®. This was important for us as we had hundreds of our plasmid maps made with GeneConstructionKit. It is able to open almost all other sequence formats.True cross-platform: it runs on both Windows and Mac, and now even natively on Linux!.Just around that time, SnapGene was released and it fulfilled almost all of our requirements: I suppose that the codebase of GCK is probably more than 20 years old and for that reason nobody dares to touch it. We contacted the developers of GCK, but they apparently were either not willing or able to help us. However, with the upgrade to version 4, GCK became unusably slow under WINE and we were looking for a replacement. However, since several of our computers run Ubuntu Linux, we did run GCK versions 2.5 and 3 using WINE (a compatibility layer that allows us to run native Windows programs under Linux). The latter runs unfortunately only under Windows. Among those that we liked a lot for a long time were Textco's GeneConstructionKit (GCK) and Clone Manager (Professional). Our lab has been using different software packages to plan, document and visualize DNA constructs. Shut down: shutting down an instance stops the running virtual machine. Run vagrant reload in Terminal or select Tools | Vagrant | Reload from the main menu. Reload: reloading an instance is required when you've made changes to the Vagrantfile and need Vagrant to reload the current virtual environment and its configuration. Run vagrant resume in Terminal or select Tools | Vagrant | Resume from the main menu. Resume: resuming an instance brings up a previously suspended virtual machine. Run vagrant suspend in Terminal or select Tools | Vagrant | Suspend from the main menu. Suspend: suspending an instance pauses all the processes and saves the current state of a virtual machine. To find a full list of available Vagrant commands, refer to Command-Line-Interface. In this article, we show only the most important commands to work with the virtual machine. They can be run either from Terminal ( Alt+F12) or from the main menu. To control an instance, use Vagrant commands. Open the embedded Terminal ( Alt+F12) and run the following command: vagrant ssh When the virtual machine is launched, it runs on a backend. Open the embedded Terminal ( Alt+F12) and run the following command: vagrant up.įrom the main menu, choose Tools | Vagrant | Up. Once the Vagrantfile initialization is completed and virtual box is specified, you are ready to deploy and run the virtual machine. To change the default root folder for the virtual boxes, open the Settings dialog ( Ctrl+Alt+S), select Tools | Vagrant and change the Instance folder location. In the Boxes window click the button and specify the following:Īll the downloaded boxes are stored in the location of the Vagrantfile. In the Settings dialog ( Ctrl+Alt+S), select Tools | Vagrant. Open the Vagrantfile and change config.vm.box = "base" line to the following: config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64". To find a list of available virtual boxes, refer to Discovering Vagrant Boxes. You can specify any other virtual box based on your needs. It contains a basic Ubuntu virtual machine. Specify the virtual boxĪs an example, we will specify the ubuntu/trusty64 box. The config.vm.box = "." line specifies the virtual box that will be used in a project. You will see that Vagrantfile already has a predefined configuration. In the Project tool window Alt+1, switch to the Project files view and double-click the Vagrantfile to open it in the embedded editor. This will initialize the Vagrantfile and put it into your project root folder by default.įrom the main menu, choose Tools | Vagrant | Init in Project Root and select the target root folder from the opened window. Open the embedded Terminal ( Alt+F12) and run the following command: vagrant init To start working with Vagrant, you need to initialize the Vagrantfile. Make sure virtualization is enabled on your computer. Install Vagrant and Oracle's VirtualBox applications. Install and enable Vagrant plugin as described in Installing plugins from JetBrains repository. In this article, we will explain how to initialize the Vagrantfile, specify the virtual box, run and interact with the virtual machine from IntelliJ IDEA. Vagrant works with different providers of virtual boxes, such as Oracle's VirtualBox, VMWare or AWS. Virtual box: a virtual sandbox that contains a preconfigured virtual machine. Vagrantfile: the main configuration file that defines the Vagrant environment, stores all the configuration for the virtual boxes and tells Vagrant how to work with virtual machines. In the context of working with Vagrant, you will meet the following definitions: IntelliJ IDEA provides a full integration with Vagrant allowing you to configure the Vagrant virtual environment, control the behavior of virtual machines, and execute Vagrant commands from within your project. Vagrant is a command-line utility used to manage the lifecycle of virtual machines. The winemaking industry has known for quite some time that tartaric acid levels in grapes vary in concentration with the type, the growing conditions, and the degree of ripeness, which may explain why it has been so hard to pinpoint what the toxic dose is and predict the outcome for those dogs that have eaten grapes or raisins based on the amount they’ve eaten. This is where we get to talk wine for a little bit! Cheers! With a bit more investigation it now appears that tartaric acid and its salt, potassium bitartrate, are the toxic principles in grapes leading to acute kidney failure in dogs. Researchers noticed some similarities between some toxicities of dogs who had eaten playdough containing cream of tartar, with those who had eaten grapes or raisins. (Ok I feel bad, but this was before I was in vet school and knew better). To deepen the mystery, and as mentioned earlier, the degree of illness was particularly inconsistent between animals.įor example, my old girl Pippa used to love eating grapes and I’ve fed her plenty of both grapes and raisins with never an ill day. Was it the seeds, the skin, maybe it was a pesticide on the skin?īasically, research eliminated all these as possible causes, and the reason for grape poisonings in dogs continued to remain elusive. Over the following two decades even though vets diagnosed illness in dogs, no one was able to identify what the actual toxic agent was. Grapes & raisins are not poisonous to cats (Any food that contains these ‘fruits’ will also be poisonous eg trail mix, fruit loaf, Christmas cake, hot cross buns).Ĭurrants of the genus Ribes have not been associated with toxicity resulting in renal injury.īack in 1999, the Animal Poison Control Centre first reported on the poisonous nature of grapes to dogs when they noticed a cluster of dogs that became seriously ill after eating grapes or raisins.Īnd a quick note for those cat lovers out there – there have been no reports to any animal poison control center that indicate that grapes or raisins are poisonous to cats. The only thing that is not poisonous is grape seed extract. That includes grapes, raisins, raisin bran, and currants. What we know is that any plant belonging to the Vitis species can cause toxicity. What Causes Raisin & Grape Toxicity In Dogs? The general consensus is that grapes, raisins, and currants are poisonous to dogs and we need to take extreme care. Ignore all Grape and Raisin Toxicity Calculators – they are incorrect Please note that if you see a grape toxicity calculator for dogs – please ignore it – these are highly inaccurate and you could be lured into a false sense of hope for your dog, and we don’t want that. It is extremely careless and inappropriate to guess, we explain why below. The individual toxicity profile of the grape or raisin fruit AND the susceptibility of the individual dog can not be predicted. How Many Grapes Or Raisins Will Kill A Dog?Īs noted above it is impossible to calculate how many grapes and raisins will kill a dog. Regardless of all the theories grapes and raisins and foods containing them are poisonous to dogs. Some thought the effects of poisoning may be due to individual dogs having different levels of susceptibility, or perhaps it was due to grapes and raisins containing various levels of a toxic substance. To add to the confusion, there doesn’t appear to be any correlation between grape or raisin ingestion and the bodyweight of the dog. The consumption of just one grape may be enough to cause severe, acute illness in one dog, while in another dog there will be no ill effects. When it comes to ingestion of grapes and raisins there are NO hard and fast rules or guidelines when it comes to their toxicity potential. While completely safe for humans, sadly the same can’t be said for our dogs. Why Is There Confusion About Grape & Raisin Toxicity In Dogs?įor humans, grapes and raisins are extremely common snacks either eaten on their own or mixed into other food products such as bread and cakes increasing the risk of exposure. |